What is the main purpose of an inertial navigation system (INS)?

The main purpose of an inertial navigation system (INS) is to provide accurate positional information. An INS utilizes a combination of accelerometers and gyroscopes to calculate its position, orientation, and velocity of an object, typically an aircraft or a spacecraft, without the need for external references. This self-contained navigation system is particularly beneficial in environments where GPS or other external navigation aids may be unavailable or unreliable, such as underwater or in space.

By continuously measuring motion and applying these measurements to a starting position, an INS can determine the current location and movement over time, thus delivering precise navigation capabilities. This accuracy is crucial for the effective operation of many types of vehicles and is fundamental in applications involving flight paths, guided missiles, and autonomous vehicles. The emphasis on accurate positional information underscores the critical role of the INS in navigation and mission planning.